Alzheimer - “Alzheimer’s disease is a multifactorial disease, made up of different pathologies, and each person has their own road. The disease presents differently and progresses differently in different ...

 
Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually, the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. In most people with Alzheimer’s, symptoms first appear later in life. Estimates vary, but experts suggest that more than 6 million Americans, most of them age 65 or older, may have Alzheimer’s.. 20191205_sentiment_veroffentlichung_in_liquidation.pdf

Encuentre información sobre la enfermedad de Alzheimer y las demencias relacionadas. Explore los recursos de las agencias del gobierno federal para las personas con demencia, sus cuidadores y familiares, y los profesionales de la salud.“Alzheimer’s disease is a multifactorial disease, made up of different pathologies, and each person has their own road. The disease presents differently and progresses differently in different ...Alzheimer's by the Numbers. One in three seniors dies with Alzheimer's or another dementia. More than 6 million Americans are living with the disease. In 2023, Alzheimer's and other dementias will cost the United States $345 billion. This number is projected to rise to nearly $1 trillion in 2050.About. Share or Print this page. The Alzheimer's Association leads the way to end Alzheimer's and all other dementia — by accelerating global research, driving risk reduction and early detection, and maximizing quality care and support.G30.9 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The 2023 edition of ICD-10-CM G30.9 became effective on October 1, 2022. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of G30.9 - other international versions of ICD-10 G30.9 may differ.Alzheimer's is the most common cause of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases. Learn more: What is the Difference Between Dementia and Alzheimer's?, What is Dementia, Research and ProgressConsider the following steps to help prevent Alzheimer’s. Exercise. "The most convincing evidence is that physical exercise helps prevent the development of Alzheimer's or slow the progression in people who have symptoms," says Dr. Marshall. "The recommendation is 30 minutes of moderately vigorous aerobic exercise, three to four days per week."Consider the following steps to help prevent Alzheimer’s. Exercise. "The most convincing evidence is that physical exercise helps prevent the development of Alzheimer's or slow the progression in people who have symptoms," says Dr. Marshall. "The recommendation is 30 minutes of moderately vigorous aerobic exercise, three to four days per week."Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia that affects more than 6.5 million Americans, according to the Alzheimer's Association. To find effective treatments and slow the ...Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by symptoms like impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language, and perception. Alzheimer's disease is by far the most common cause for dementia in the United States and in most countries in the world.Aug 30, 2023 · Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in older adults, but there are other causes of dementia. Depending on the cause, some dementia symptoms might be reversible. Products & Services A Book: Day to Day: Living With Dementia Show more products from Mayo Clinic Symptoms Dementia symptoms vary depending on the cause. Doença de Alzheimer é uma doença neurodegenerativa crónica e a forma mais comum de demência. [1] [2] A doença manifesta-se lentamente e vai-se agravando ao longo do tempo. [1] [2] O sintoma inicial mais comum é a perda de memória a curto prazo, com dificuldades em recordar eventos recentes. [1]Az Alzheimer-kór ( angolul Alzheimer's disease, rövidítve AD) a gondolkodás és a megismerési (kognitív) funkciók beszűkülésével, magatartásválto­zással, elbutulással ( demencia), majd gyors biológiai leépüléssel járó neurodegeneratív kórkép. [1] [2] Nevét a német Alois Alzheimerről kapta, aki ideggyógyászként ...Early symptoms of Alzheimer’s are often dismissed as “signs of aging” and can include short-term memory loss, loss of attentiveness, problems with planning, apathy, and depression. The signs become more noticeable when word fluency, fine motor skills, and short-term recall start to become affected.Aug 30, 2023 · Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in older adults, but there are other causes of dementia. Depending on the cause, some dementia symptoms might be reversible. Products & Services A Book: Day to Day: Living With Dementia Show more products from Mayo Clinic Symptoms Dementia symptoms vary depending on the cause. To diagnose Alzheimer's dementia, doctors conduct tests to assess memory impairment and other thinking skills, judge functional abilities, and identify behavior changes. They also perform a series of tests to rule out other possible causes of impairment. Alzheimer's dementia can be diagnosed in several different ways.Consider the following steps to help prevent Alzheimer’s. Exercise. "The most convincing evidence is that physical exercise helps prevent the development of Alzheimer's or slow the progression in people who have symptoms," says Dr. Marshall. "The recommendation is 30 minutes of moderately vigorous aerobic exercise, three to four days per week."Get Involved. Get Involved. Share or Print this page. Everyone can help in the fight to end Alzheimer's. Join the cause by staying informed, making a donation, or becoming an advocate for those with Alzheimer's disease and their families.The Alzheimer's Association can help you learn more about MCI as well as Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, and help you find local support services. Call our 24/7 Helpline: 800.272.3900. Locate a support group in your community. Join our online community.Stage 7: Lack of Physical Control. Alzheimer’s destroys brain cells, and eventually, this can cause severe mental and physical impairment. Your loved one’s body may begin to shut down as their mind struggles to communicate and delegate tasks effectively. At this point, your loved one’s needs will significantly increase.Alzheimer's, on the other hand, grows more common with increasing age. Memory loss tends to be a more prominent symptom in early Alzheimer's than in early FTD, although advanced FTD often causes memory loss in addition to its more characteristic effects on behavior and language.Alzheimer's is the most common cause of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases. Learn more: What is the Difference Between Dementia and Alzheimer's?, What is Dementia, Research and ProgressAlzheimer's special care units (SCUs) (also called memory care units) SCUs are designed to meet the specific needs of individuals with Alzheimer's and other dementias. SCUs can take many forms and exist within various types of residential care communities, including assisted living, and they may or may not be locked or secured units.Dementia symptoms trigger a decline in thinking skills, also known as cognitive abilities, severe enough to impair daily life and independent function. They also affect behavior, feelings and relationships. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-80% of cases. Vascular dementia, which occurs because of microscopic bleeding and blood vessel blockage ...Alzheimer’s disease, the most common dementia diagnosis among older adults. Alzheimer’s dementia is typically associated with abnormal buildups of proteins in the brain — known as amyloid plaques and tau tangles — along with a loss of connection among nerve cells. These changes can be seen during life using a PET scan.As Alzheimer's disease progresses to later stages, the person may no longer be able to chew and swallow easily. This is a serious problem. Difficulty with swallowing may lead to choking or cause food or liquid to go into the lungs, which is known as aspiration.May 7, 2022 · To diagnose Alzheimer's dementia, doctors conduct tests to assess memory impairment and other thinking skills, judge functional abilities, and identify behavior changes. They also perform a series of tests to rule out other possible causes of impairment. Alzheimer's dementia can be diagnosed in several different ways. “Alzheimer’s disease is a multifactorial disease, made up of different pathologies, and each person has their own road. The disease presents differently and progresses differently in different ...Dementia is a general term for a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life, while Alzheimer's is a specific disease. Alzheimer’s is the most common cause of dementia. Learning about the two terms and the difference between them is important and can empower individuals living with Alzheimer’s or another dementia ...Consider the following steps to help prevent Alzheimer’s. Exercise. "The most convincing evidence is that physical exercise helps prevent the development of Alzheimer's or slow the progression in people who have symptoms," says Dr. Marshall. "The recommendation is 30 minutes of moderately vigorous aerobic exercise, three to four days per week."As Alzheimer's disease progresses to later stages, the person may no longer be able to chew and swallow easily. This is a serious problem. Difficulty with swallowing may lead to choking or cause food or liquid to go into the lungs, which is known as aspiration.Caregivers for Alzheimer's and dementia face special challenges. Caring for a person with Alzheimer’s or dementia often involves a team of people. Whether you provide daily caregiving, participate in decision making, or simply care about a person with the disease — we have resources to help.Caregivers for Alzheimer's and dementia face special challenges. Caring for a person with Alzheimer’s or dementia often involves a team of people. Whether you provide daily caregiving, participate in decision making, or simply care about a person with the disease — we have resources to help.About. Share or Print this page. The Alzheimer's Association leads the way to end Alzheimer's and all other dementia — by accelerating global research, driving risk reduction and early detection, and maximizing quality care and support.These Alzheimer's treatments boost the performance of chemicals in the brain that carry information from one brain cell to another. They include cholinesterase inhibitors and the medicine memantine (Namenda). However, these treatments don't stop the underlying decline and death of brain cells. As more cells die, Alzheimer's disease continues to ...May 7, 2022 · To diagnose Alzheimer's dementia, doctors conduct tests to assess memory impairment and other thinking skills, judge functional abilities, and identify behavior changes. They also perform a series of tests to rule out other possible causes of impairment. Alzheimer's dementia can be diagnosed in several different ways. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive form of dementia that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. Learn about the causes, symptoms, treatments, and more.Aug 30, 2023 · Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in older adults, but there are other causes of dementia. Depending on the cause, some dementia symptoms might be reversible. Products & Services A Book: Day to Day: Living With Dementia Show more products from Mayo Clinic Symptoms Dementia symptoms vary depending on the cause. Consider the following steps to help prevent Alzheimer’s. Exercise. "The most convincing evidence is that physical exercise helps prevent the development of Alzheimer's or slow the progression in people who have symptoms," says Dr. Marshall. "The recommendation is 30 minutes of moderately vigorous aerobic exercise, three to four days per week."A groundbreaking study led by experts from Indiana University School of Medicine has shed new light on the genetic underpinnings of Alzheimer's disease. The team's research, rooted in human ...Alzheimer's and Dementia Worldwide, 55 million people are living with Alzheimer's and other dementias. Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative brain disease and the most common form of dementia. Dementia is not a specific disease. It's an overall term that describes a group of symptoms.Caregivers for Alzheimer's and dementia face special challenges. Caring for a person with Alzheimer’s or dementia often involves a team of people. Whether you provide daily caregiving, participate in decision making, or simply care about a person with the disease — we have resources to help.Alzheimer’s disease, the most common dementia diagnosis among older adults. Alzheimer’s dementia is typically associated with abnormal buildups of proteins in the brain — known as amyloid plaques and tau tangles — along with a loss of connection among nerve cells. These changes can be seen during life using a PET scan.Alzheimer’s disease, the most common dementia diagnosis among older adults. Alzheimer’s dementia is typically associated with abnormal buildups of proteins in the brain — known as amyloid plaques and tau tangles — along with a loss of connection among nerve cells. These changes can be seen during life using a PET scan.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by symptoms like impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language, and perception. Alzheimer's disease is by far the most common cause for dementia in the United States and in most countries in the world.Caregivers for Alzheimer's and dementia face special challenges. Caring for a person with Alzheimer’s or dementia often involves a team of people. Whether you provide daily caregiving, participate in decision making, or simply care about a person with the disease — we have resources to help.While it is recommended that you get 30 minutes of physical activity at least five days a week, even 10 minutes a day can help. Fit in what you can, and work toward a goal. Exercise at home. When the person with dementia naps, pull out a yoga mat and stretch, set up a stationary bike, or try exercise tapes.The Alzheimer’s Association is the largest non-profit funder of Alzheimer’s disease research. Its mission is “to eliminate Alzheimer’s disease through the advancement of research; to provide and enhance care and support for all affected; and to reduce the risk of dementia through the promotion of brain health”. ISTAART.G30.9 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The 2023 edition of ICD-10-CM G30.9 became effective on October 1, 2022. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of G30.9 - other international versions of ICD-10 G30.9 may differ.A molecular handshake slows Alzheimer's disease. The two surface proteins, CXCR6 and CXCL16, essentially performed a handshake between the two cells, communicating in both directions.Dementia symptoms trigger a decline in thinking skills, also known as cognitive abilities, severe enough to impair daily life and independent function. They also affect behavior, feelings and relationships. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-80% of cases. Vascular dementia, which occurs because of microscopic bleeding and blood vessel blockage ...Alzheimer's is the most common cause of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases. Learn more: What is the Difference Between Dementia and Alzheimer's?, What is Dementia, Research and Progress Doença de Alzheimer é uma doença neurodegenerativa crónica e a forma mais comum de demência. [1] [2] A doença manifesta-se lentamente e vai-se agravando ao longo do tempo. [1] [2] O sintoma inicial mais comum é a perda de memória a curto prazo, com dificuldades em recordar eventos recentes. [1]Alzheimer's is the most common cause of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases. Learn more: What is the Difference Between Dementia and Alzheimer's?, What is Dementia, Research and ProgressAlzheimer’s disease destroys the connections in the brain responsible for memory and other mental functions. This causes a loss of memory, confusion, and a decline in everyday self-care skills.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among older people. Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously affects a person's ability to carry out daily activities. AD begins slowly. It first involves the parts of the brain that control thought, memory and language. People with AD may have trouble remembering things that ...Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and, eventually, the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. In most people with the disease — those with the late-onset type symptoms first appear in their mid-60s.The Alzheimer's Association offers peer- or professional-led groups for caregivers and others facing Alzheimer's disease. Find virtual and in-person events. Jan 1, 2023 - Dec 31, 2023. Support Groups.The Alzheimer's Association offers peer- or professional-led groups for caregivers and others facing Alzheimer's disease. Find virtual and in-person events. Jan 1, 2023 - Dec 31, 2023. Support Groups.While it is recommended that you get 30 minutes of physical activity at least five days a week, even 10 minutes a day can help. Fit in what you can, and work toward a goal. Exercise at home. When the person with dementia naps, pull out a yoga mat and stretch, set up a stationary bike, or try exercise tapes.To diagnose Alzheimer's dementia, doctors conduct tests to assess memory impairment and other thinking skills, judge functional abilities, and identify behavior changes. They also perform a series of tests to rule out other possible causes of impairment. Alzheimer's dementia can be diagnosed in several different ways.G30.9 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The 2023 edition of ICD-10-CM G30.9 became effective on October 1, 2022. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of G30.9 - other international versions of ICD-10 G30.9 may differ.Alzheimer's Association national site – information on Alzheimer's disease and dementia symptoms, diagnosis, stages, treatment, care and support resources. Call our 24 hours, seven days a week helpline at 800.272.3900 Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia that affects more than 6.5 million Americans, according to the Alzheimer's Association. To find effective treatments and slow the ...Az Alzheimer-kór ( angolul Alzheimer's disease, rövidítve AD) a gondolkodás és a megismerési (kognitív) funkciók beszűkülésével, magatartásválto­zással, elbutulással ( demencia), majd gyors biológiai leépüléssel járó neurodegeneratív kórkép. [1] [2] Nevét a német Alois Alzheimerről kapta, aki ideggyógyászként ...Caregivers for Alzheimer's and dementia face special challenges. Caring for a person with Alzheimer’s or dementia often involves a team of people. Whether you provide daily caregiving, participate in decision making, or simply care about a person with the disease — we have resources to help.Dementia symptoms trigger a decline in thinking skills, also known as cognitive abilities, severe enough to impair daily life and independent function. They also affect behavior, feelings and relationships. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-80% of cases. Vascular dementia, which occurs because of microscopic bleeding and blood vessel blockage ...To diagnose Alzheimer's dementia, doctors conduct tests to assess memory impairment and other thinking skills, judge functional abilities, and identify behavior changes. They also perform a series of tests to rule out other possible causes of impairment. Alzheimer's dementia can be diagnosed in several different ways.Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually, the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. In most people with Alzheimer’s, symptoms first appear later in life. Estimates vary, but experts suggest that more than 6 million Americans, most of them age 65 or older, may have Alzheimer’s.Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide (60-70% of all dementia cases) and is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Though around 10-15% of cases are genetic ...Get Involved with Your Local Chapter. Join the fight against Alzheimer's by getting involved with your local chapter. Together, we can advance critical care, support and research. Start by finding an Alzheimer's Association chapter in your community.A groundbreaking study led by experts from Indiana University School of Medicine has shed new light on the genetic underpinnings of Alzheimer's disease. The team's research, rooted in human ...Alzheimer's disease causes the brain to shrink and brain cells to eventually die. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia — a gradual decline in memory, thinking, behavior and social skills. These changes affect a person's ability to function.Encuentre información sobre la enfermedad de Alzheimer y las demencias relacionadas. Explore los recursos de las agencias del gobierno federal para las personas con demencia, sus cuidadores y familiares, y los profesionales de la salud.The Alzheimer's Association can help you learn more about MCI as well as Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, and help you find local support services. Call our 24/7 Helpline: 800.272.3900. Locate a support group in your community. Join our online community.Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide (60-70% of all dementia cases) and is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Though around 10-15% of cases are genetic ...Alzheimer's, on the other hand, grows more common with increasing age. Memory loss tends to be a more prominent symptom in early Alzheimer's than in early FTD, although advanced FTD often causes memory loss in addition to its more characteristic effects on behavior and language.May 7, 2022 · To diagnose Alzheimer's dementia, doctors conduct tests to assess memory impairment and other thinking skills, judge functional abilities, and identify behavior changes. They also perform a series of tests to rule out other possible causes of impairment. Alzheimer's dementia can be diagnosed in several different ways. Penyakit Alzheimer adalah gangguan otak secara progresif dan ireversibel yang secara perlahan-lahan menghancurkan memori (daya ingat) dan kemampuan berpikir, dan akhirnya mengganggu kemampuan untuk melaksanakan tugas-tugas sederhana sehari-hari. Pada kebanyakan orang dengan penyakit Alzheimer, gejala pertama muncul di pertengahan usia 60-an.Jun 7, 2023 · Alzheimer's disease tends to develop slowly and gradually worsens over several years. Eventually, Alzheimer's disease affects most areas of your brain. Memory, thinking, judgment, language, problem-solving, personality and movement can all be affected by the disease. There are five stages associated with Alzheimer's disease. They include: Stage 7: Lack of Physical Control. Alzheimer’s destroys brain cells, and eventually, this can cause severe mental and physical impairment. Your loved one’s body may begin to shut down as their mind struggles to communicate and delegate tasks effectively. At this point, your loved one’s needs will significantly increase.Caregivers for Alzheimer's and dementia face special challenges. Caring for a person with Alzheimer’s or dementia often involves a team of people. Whether you provide daily caregiving, participate in decision making, or simply care about a person with the disease — we have resources to help.Alzheimer’s disease destroys the connections in the brain responsible for memory and other mental functions. This causes a loss of memory, confusion, and a decline in everyday self-care skills.Doença de Alzheimer é uma doença neurodegenerativa crónica e a forma mais comum de demência. [1] [2] A doença manifesta-se lentamente e vai-se agravando ao longo do tempo. [1] [2] O sintoma inicial mais comum é a perda de memória a curto prazo, com dificuldades em recordar eventos recentes. [1]

Some of the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease include: Older age (most predominately 65 and over) Family history of Alzheimer’s. Having the APOE-e4 gene (found in 40% to 65% of people with Alzheimer’s) History of head trauma. Down syndrome. Study Highlights 3 Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease.. Whatpercent27s the temperature in ocala today

alzheimer

Alzheimer’s disease destroys the connections in the brain responsible for memory and other mental functions. This causes a loss of memory, confusion, and a decline in everyday self-care skills.Aug 30, 2023 · Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in older adults, but there are other causes of dementia. Depending on the cause, some dementia symptoms might be reversible. Products & Services A Book: Day to Day: Living With Dementia Show more products from Mayo Clinic Symptoms Dementia symptoms vary depending on the cause. Az Alzheimer-kór ( angolul Alzheimer's disease, rövidítve AD) a gondolkodás és a megismerési (kognitív) funkciók beszűkülésével, magatartásválto­zással, elbutulással ( demencia), majd gyors biológiai leépüléssel járó neurodegeneratív kórkép. [1] [2] Nevét a német Alois Alzheimerről kapta, aki ideggyógyászként ...Alzheimer's is the most common cause of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases. Learn more: What is the Difference Between Dementia and Alzheimer's?, What is Dementia, Research and Progress Some of the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease include: Older age (most predominately 65 and over) Family history of Alzheimer’s. Having the APOE-e4 gene (found in 40% to 65% of people with Alzheimer’s) History of head trauma. Down syndrome. Study Highlights 3 Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease.Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia that affects more than 6.5 million Americans, according to the Alzheimer's Association. To find effective treatments and slow the ...When Alzheimer's Affects More than Memory. Alzheimer's disease often begins with memory loss. Over time, it can lead to other mental, emotional, and physical problems.Alzheimer: [adjective] of, relating to, used in, or affected by Alzheimer's disease.G30.9 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The 2023 edition of ICD-10-CM G30.9 became effective on October 1, 2022. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of G30.9 - other international versions of ICD-10 G30.9 may differ.G30.9 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The 2023 edition of ICD-10-CM G30.9 became effective on October 1, 2022. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of G30.9 - other international versions of ICD-10 G30.9 may differ.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among older people. Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously affects a person's ability to carry out daily activities. AD begins slowly. It first involves the parts of the brain that control thought, memory and language. People with AD may have trouble remembering things that ...Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and, eventually, the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. People with Alzheimer’s also experience changes in behavior and personality. More than 6 million Americans, many of them age 65 and older, are estimated to have Alzheimer’s disease.Alzheimer's is the most common cause of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases. Learn more: What is the Difference Between Dementia and Alzheimer's?, What is Dementia, Research and ProgressQuestions for Your Doctor. It's important to work closely with your doctor and other members of your health care team to create the best treatment plan for you or the person in your care. Your treatment goals are likely to change during your journey with Alzheimer's disease. Make sure you understand all the available options and the benefits ...Get Involved with Your Local Chapter. Join the fight against Alzheimer's by getting involved with your local chapter. Together, we can advance critical care, support and research. Start by finding an Alzheimer's Association chapter in your community.Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in older adults, but there are other causes of dementia. Depending on the cause, some dementia symptoms might be reversible. Products & Services A Book: Day to Day: Living With Dementia Show more products from Mayo Clinic Symptoms Dementia symptoms vary depending on the cause..

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